The study aimed to investigate the impact of posterior element and ligament removal on the maximum von Mises stress. and maximum shear stress of the eight-layer annulus for treating stenosis at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels in the lumbar spine. Previous studies have indicated that laminectomy alone can result in segmental instability unless fusion is performed. However. https://foldlyers.shop/product-category/other-relays/